Beginner · Korean Culture
Korean birthday and age phrases: celebrate and ask with respect
Say happy birthday, give a date and decide whether an age question is appropriate before choosing 살, 세 or 연세.
Celebrate first and treat age as optional
A birthday greeting does not need to lead to a question about age. 생일 축하해요 is a warm, polite “happy birthday,” and 고마워요 is a natural reply. If you are asking about the date, 생일이 언제예요? keeps the conversation focused on the birthday itself.
Age may be relevant in another conversation, but the wording is only part of being considerate. 나이를 여쭤봐도 될까요? asks whether it is all right to ask. Giving the other person room to decline is as important as choosing a polite ending.
Learn date, birthday and age words
| Korean | Working meaning | Use it when |
|---|---|---|
| 생일 | birthday | celebration or date |
| 생일 축하해요. | Happy birthday. | polite greeting |
| 생년월일 | date of birth | formal field |
| 나이 | age | general noun |
| 살 | years old | everyday native counter |
| 연세 | age, honorific | respectful reference |
생일 is a birthday; 생년월일 is the complete date of birth, including the year. In a friendly conversation, “when is your birthday?” often asks for the month and day. A form labelled 생년월일 asks for a different level of detail.
나이 is the general word for age. 연세 is a respectful word used when referring to an older person’s age. 살 is the everyday age counter, commonly used with native Korean numbers; 세 appears with Sino-Korean numbers in more formal expressions.
Ask less directly when the relationship is new
| Pattern or sentence | Natural meaning | Point to notice |
|---|---|---|
| 생일이 언제예요? | When is your birthday? | asks month and day in many contexts |
| 5월 10일이에요. | It is May 10. | date answer |
| 나이를 여쭤봐도 될까요? | May I ask your age? | asks permission |
| 스무 살이에요. | I am twenty years old. | native counting form |
스무 살이에요 means “I am twenty years old.” 스무 is the form used before the counter, rather than 스물. Similar short forms appear in 한 살, 두 살, 세 살 and 네 살. The counter is part of the expression, not an optional English-style word at the end.
나이를 여쭤봐도 될까요? includes 여쭤보다, a respectful verb for asking, and -도 될까요?, which requests permission. 연세가 어떻게 되세요? also uses respectful language, but it still directly asks for age. The first question leaves more space for whether to answer at all.
Give a birthday without requiring an age
| Speaker | Korean | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| A | 생일 축하해요! | Happy birthday! |
| B | 고마워요. | Thank you. |
| A | 생일이 오늘이에요? | Is your birthday today? |
| B | 네, 5월 10일이에요. | Yes, it is May 10. |
The exchange starts with a greeting and thanks. The next question asks whether the birthday is today. The answer gives the month and day, with no birth year or age required.
If the actual birthday is on another day, the person can simply explain that date. There is no need to treat a birthday celebration and a full date-of-birth record as the same conversation.
Separate birthday, year of birth and age
With a new acquaintance, the reason for an age question may not be obvious. A birthday greeting, a question about celebration plans or a simple good wish can keep the conversation friendly without requiring personal details.
When practising, use an invented date and age. That lets you work on the numbers and counters without sharing your own date of birth. In a real form, read the field label carefully so you know whether it asks for a birthday, a birth year or a complete date.
Correct likely misunderstandings
| Avoid | Use or check | Why |
|---|---|---|
| 생일 질문 = age permission | 생일과 나이는 separate | date and age are different information |
| 스물 살 | 스무 살 | 스물 changes before the counter |
| 연세를 쓰면 always appropriate | 먼저 필요성과 동의 확인 | honorific form does not remove privacy |
A respectful word does not make every personal question comfortable. If someone chooses not to answer, the polite response is to move on rather than repeat the question with a different honorific.
Birth dates and ages also serve different purposes in written information. 생년월일 identifies a date; 나이 asks for an age. Seeing one field does not mean you should supply both pieces of information.
Try it in a familiar situation
A friend tells you it is their birthday. Give a polite greeting. Later, a practice form asks for 생년월일. Would a month and day alone include everything the field asks for? How do you say “twenty years old” in everyday Korean?
Read the explanation
생일 축하해요 is the greeting. 생년월일 includes the birth year, month and day, so a month and day alone is incomplete for that field. 스무 살 is “twenty years old”; the natural sentence is 스무 살이에요.
A small listening check
Pronunciation help: Track which personal detail is requested
Listen for 생일/오월 십 일/나이는 묻지 않았어요 versus 생년월일/시월 오 일/스무 살.
Listen and choose
Play the sound, then select the Korean you heard. The answer buttons unlock after playback. This is one short practice item, not a pronunciation assessment.
Listen before choosing.
References and useful next steps
- Korean–English Learners’ Dictionary — Check meanings, usage labels, conjugated examples and human recordings for the lesson vocabulary.
Reviewed September 4, 2026. Found a mistake? Send a correction.